如何引用参考英文文献
在引用一篇文章时，除了标明题目之外还需要标明文章所在的期刊或书籍。下文中将介绍几种不同的引用标准：APA（美国心理协会）标准，MLA（美国现代语言协会）标准和芝加哥标准。
方法1APA（美国心理协会）标准
1引用作者姓名时按照先姓后名的顺序，多个作者名字之间用逗号隔开，最后两个姓名之间没有逗号，用＆符号连接。
Doe, J.
Doe, J. & Johnson, S. Q.
Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q.
2注明出版日期。
如果只能查询到期刊发表的年份，标上年份即可，如果可以查询到具体的出版日期，就按照年，月，日的格式进行引用，以句号结束。
Doe, J. (2001).
Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15).
3注明被引用文章的标题。
不要使用斜体、下划线或者引号。标题的首字母大写，如果有副标题的话，则冒号后的第一个字母也大写，最后以句号结束。
Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness.
Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror.
4注明你引用的文章所在期刊的编辑姓名。
编辑姓名和期刊名称以“In”为前缀，按照先名后姓的格式进行引用。如果编辑姓名有两个，用＆记号进行连接；三个以上的名字则用逗号连接。如果杂志的编辑只有一名，在名字后的括号里加上ED.缩写。多个编辑则采用EDs.缩写。
Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.),
Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.),
5注明期刊名称。
首字母大写，标题加上引号。
Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.), Essays on psychology
Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.), Genre literature through the ages
6给出页码范围。
插入文章所在的页码范围，以pp作为前缀，前缀之后有个句号。
Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.), Essays on psychology (pp. 24-38).
Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.), Genre literature through the ages (pp. 102-118).
7注明出版商的姓名和所在地。
列出出版公司的所在地和公司名称，中间用冒号隔开，以句号作为结束。
Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.), Essays on psychology (pp. 24-38). New York: Big Time Publisher.
Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.), Genre literature through the ages (pp. 102-118). New York: Big Time Publisher.
方法2MLA（美国现代语言协会）标准
1引用作者姓名时采用包括姓、名、中间名在内的全名。
第一作者采用先姓后名的格式，其余作者采用先名后姓的格式。三个及以上的姓名用逗号进行连接，最后两个名字间用“and”连接，以句号结束：
Doe, John.
Doe, John and Samuel Quentin Johnson.
Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson.
2引用文章标题。
所有的主要词汇都采用首字母大写，标题以句号结束，给标题加上引号：
Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."
Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror."
3注明文章所在的期刊名。
给期刊名加上引号，每个主要词汇均首字母大写，以句号结束：
Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.
Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.
4注明期刊的编辑姓名。
采用先名后姓的全名，在姓名之前加上Ed.缩写，如果有不止一位编辑名则加上EDS.缩写，以句号结束：
Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell.
Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke.
5注明出版商信息。
列出出版商所在的城市、出版商名称以及出版年份。这里只需要引用年份即可，不需要具体到日期。在城市名和出版商名称之间用冒号相连，与年份用逗号相连，最后以句号结尾：
Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2001.
Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011.
6注明被引用文章所在的页码。
标出文章所在的第一页和最后一页的页码。用连字号相连并以句号结尾：
Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2001. 24-38.
Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011. 102-118.
7标出出版方式。
如果是以书籍形式出版，则标上“Print”。以电子书形式出版则标上“Electronic”。如果电子书是以网站形式发表的则标上“Web”。最后以句号结尾：
Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2001. 24-38. Print.
Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011. 102-118. Electronic.
方法3芝加哥标准
1引用文章的作者名。
如果是在脚注或尾注中引用作者名，则采用先名后姓的格式。如果是在参考文献列表中进行引用，则对第一作者采用先姓后名的格式，其余作者使用先名后姓的格式。脚注后以逗号结尾，参考文献列表中以句号结尾：
Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson,
Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson.
2注明引用文章的标题。
给引用文章标题加上引号，主要词汇均首字母大写，脚注和尾注中以逗号结尾，参考文献列表中以句号结尾：
Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror,"
Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror."
3注上被引用文章所在期刊的名称。
在书名前加上“in”。用引号引用书名，主要词汇均首字母大写，脚注和参考文献列表中均以逗号结尾：
Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages,
Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages,
4引用编辑姓名。
脚注中在编辑名前加上缩写“ed.”，参考文献列表中在编辑名前加上短语“edited by”。在脚注中只列出第一编辑的姓名，如果不止一位编辑的话，就在后面用缩写“et al”代替。参考文献列表中需要列出所有编辑的姓名：
Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al.
Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke,
5标出文章所在的页码范围。
只在参考文献列表中标注，范围包括文章所在的全部页码：
Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al.
Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke, 102-118.
6注上出版商的信息。
包括出版商所在的城市和出版商名称，其中用冒号隔开，在出版商信息后加上冒号，再加上出版年份。当这些标注内容以脚注形式出现时需要加上括号作为插入内容，参考文献列表中则不必，以句号结束即可：
Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al. (New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011),
Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke, 102-118. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011.
7标出被引用部分所在的页码。
这只出现在脚注中。标出你所引用的内容所在的那一页，以句号结束：
Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al. (New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011), 111.
Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke, 102-118. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011.
